Geologic Hazards Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Geologic Hazards Project - Research Paper Example The gradual shifting of the pole is believed to have been the reason for destruction of entire human civilizations. As this reversal takes place, the earthquakes augment and earthquake storms take place in the world. Furthermore, three new volcanoes are born at many places in the Pacific Ocean. NASA has recently found out that there is a break in the magnetic field of the Earth. These changes keep on building and concurrent. (Syzygyastro) The constant changes that go inside the surface of the Earth cause this reversal. The core of the Earth moves around a little faster than the crust of the Earth which is slowed by tidal dragging of the moon. The disparity in the rotation between the two layers produces the magnetic field. When the core rotates, the lines of magnetic field act as what takes place on the Sun’s surface as equator and sun have different rotations from the pole. The disparity of rotation of both of these surfaces creates a stretch in the lines of magnetic field so they wrap round and round the Earth or the sun. What happens is that magnetic field lines the field and recreates itself. The discrepancy of the rotation of Sun happens at a faster rate than the Earth so the magnetic cycle on average takes around 22 years in the Sun. The Earth takes a very long time for its periodic cycle due to the interaction of the sun, planets, and the moon and slower winding. These reversals of the field can take mi llions of years to take place. At present, Earth’s field lines are constantly breaking down, making a complicated pattern of hundreds of magnetic zones similar to the ones on the Sun. This violation in the earth/s magnetic allows the solar winds to go to the atmosphere of Earth. The consequence of these modifications will be auroras all across the Earth even at the equator. The second alteration is the diffusion to the

Management of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management of International Business - Essay Example After that David Ricardo formulated the principle of comparative advantage, even in the present day it stands true. Such thoughts and ideologies have influenced a number of companies to undertake global expansion. It has forced Governments of different countries to formulate an international trade policy. There was an establishment of customs duty, local sales tax and various other charges were levied on companies taking up international trade. However with the course of time countries understood the importance of international trade. There were drastic changes took place in the scenario of international trade, most of the countries also made significant changes to their existing trade policies. The report will mainly emphasize on the international expansion of a company based on USA. The company chosen for this purpose is Dunkin’ Donuts and the chosen country of expansion is Australia. In this context, a comprehensive analysis of Australian business environment will be carrie d out. The regional organization APEC has been chosen and comprehensive analysis of the same will be also done. The study will then discuss the foreign market entry modes and based on the findings, recommendation regarding the most suitable mode will be made. Table of Contents Country Analysis 4 PESTEL Analysis 4 CAGE analysis 6 Analysis of Regional Organisation 8 APEC: A Brief Overview 8 Functions of APEC 9 Important Factors 9 MNE Analysis 10 SWOT Analysis 11 Industry/Sector Analysis 13 Porter’s Five Forces Model Analysis 13 FMSS/Mode of Entry Analysis and Recommendation 19 References 23 Country Analysis The report highlighted that the chosen company will be Dunkin’ Donuts, which is based in USA. Now the chosen country of expansion is Australia. The primary rationale behind choosing Australia is that, the MNE, which has been selected for accomplishing the study, does not have their presence in the markets of USA. Hence a comprehensive analysis of the Australian busine ss environment will be carried out. The analysis of the business environment will include a range of aspects that influences the performance and operation of new venture. Moreover the business will have hardly any control over the factors. Hence the analysis of business environment will include cultural and social influence, regulations, laws, technological infrastructure and also the economic condition. The tools that will be used for the purpose of analysing the country will include PESTEL analysis CAGE analysis. The next half of the project will highlight the PESTEL and CAGE analysis. PESTEL Analysis PESTLE is external environmental analysis tool, which is used for analysing the political, social, technological, economical legal and environmental factors (Henry, 2008, p.51). Political – The political factors corresponds to the political stability of the country where the expansion will be carried out. Hence the facets that will be mainly analysed include government stabili ty, political changes, tax policies, trade restrictions, and tariffs. Now in Australian context, the government of Australia follows a federal system. The tariffs structures and tax policies are well defined. The Australian government is stable to a large extent. Economical – The economical aspect will analyse gross domestic product, interest rates, unemployment rates, inflation rate, and growth rate of the Australian economy. The GDP per person is nearly $44,000. The top performing sectors of the country includes Retail,

One Man Band Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

One Man Band - Movie Review Example The indecision of the girl is part of her innocent character. This innocence is again depicted by the competing characters using the tempo of the music, and not quality to attract her attention. They also make use of dance steps to attract her to them. Her indecision leads to the loss of the coin. From the time of the loss of the coin, the innocent expression disappears. In its place, it appears a face of determinedness. She has realized that these two characters stopped her from putting the coin in the fountain. This removes the indecision. There is a firmness seen. She firmly demands compensation for her loss. Bass and Treble are now at a disadvantage. They are forced to give her the violin she demands. Her initial attempts at playing the violin are poor. This depicts her learning process. She tunes the violin and plays beautiful music. Bass and Treble are taken aback. Her playing so well causes a passerby to give her a bag of gold coins. Bass and Treble have not realized that she is smarter now from the experience she has gained. She has learned the value of money. She has also learned how to make money. There is a pleasant yet competent look on her face now. Bass and Treble cannot try to take advantage of her anymore. Her experience makes her overcome their overtures to her. She is able to overcome them, even though they combine forces instead of being in competition. Thus her experience has made her stronger. She tosses the two coins into the fountain. Bass and Treble can only look on and are not able to do anything about it. Thus through the experience, she has gained in her growing up, she is able to outsmart the two men, who tried to take advantage of her innocence, and turn h er away from putting a coin in the fountain (1)

The Philosophy on the Legalization of Drugs Essay Example for Free

The Philosophy on the Legalization of Drugs Essay There are many controversial topics being debated about in the United States. One topic most often debated about is the legalization of drugs. Of course people have their own beliefs and opinions on the subject, but are the arguments discussed about actually valid? Is there enough evidence supporting the premises they claim? These are questions we should ask when observing the arguments people are presenting to defend their beliefs. I believe that drugs should not be legalized for several reasons, but as stated above, different people have different opinions. One of the arguments presented from the people who believe that drugs should be legalized is that the government should not interfere with people’s activities as long as it is not affecting other people’s rights. They state exactly, â€Å"As far as morality is concerned, the decision to use or not use drugs is a personal one that does not directly impinge upon the rights of others, and the government should never forbid activities that do not impinge upon the rights of others. I believe that there are many things wrong with this argument, but the main problem here is that there is no evidence to support the premise, therefore I see it as a false premise. I don’t understand how they can say that drugs doesn’t impinge upon the rights of others when there are drug related crimes happening every day. When people are high on drugs, their minds are altered. Many times while under the influence of an illegal substance, people will commit crimes and put other people’s life in danger. This obviously affects the rights of others because people should not have to be put into danger because of other people’s â€Å"activities†. The legalization of drugs would make it more easily accessible, which in the end would result in more crimes and more people getting hurt. Another argument presented is that everything is dangerous. They state â€Å"Driving on the freeways in L. A. is very dangerous and leads to a good many deaths and injuries; thus, it creates suffering in loved ones, and society as a whole is often called upon to pay for the medical expenses of those injured in accidents. The point is this: if youre going to forbid drugs for the above reason, then you ought to forbid anything which is in the least bit dangerous. † This argument is questionable. Yes, it is true that everything is dangerous, but that is not the part of the argument that is under question. What it is that’s under question in this argument is what they’re saying about forbidding anything that’s dangerous if they’re going to forbid drugs that are dangerous. It is true that everything is dangerous, but drugs are not only dangerous, but they are mind altering. If you go about your day and face dangers, being under the influence of drugs makes your dangers so much higher, because you are not in a stable state of mind. So with this argument we must question the dangers of normal activities versus mind altering activities. The legalization of drugs will definitely result in more danger, and make regular activities dangerous. For example driving, it is illegal for people to drive under the influence, but if people are going to be high all the time, they will most likely not hesitate getting into a car to get to where they need. As they stated, driving is a dangerous activity. The point here is, driving under the influence is an even more dangerous activity. Drugs are not necessities, but in current times, driving is a necessity. We should continue to try and keep people safe by prohibiting the unnecessary dangers.

Technology - Satellite Phones Save Lives :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Satellite Phones Save Lives Satellite phones are now becoming more important in many situations. Some such situations are on hunting trips in Alaska, backcountry hiking trips, overseas trips, etc. These phones have been popular for a while now, but have always been too big and heavy. Also, it is hard to gain a good signal to get out and make a call if in an emergency situation. The phones need to be reduced to the size of a small cell phone, and the signals need to be much stronger, allowing better service when it is most needed. The new, improved satellite phones could end up saving a person's life someday. Besides, improving the phone even more would be a great idea. In the year 1905, my grandfather went on a trip to Alaska to go hunting, and after many days of hard hunting, he was sitting at his spike camp eating some dinner. Out of nowhere, a big grizzly appeared from the creek bottom and started to charge my grandfather. The bear must have been hungry because he mauled my grandfather and then started eating the left over food. My grandfather was badly injured and all he could do was lay there and wait for the outfitter to show back up for a check up on him in two days. My grandfather fought hard to stay alive, when finally, the plane showed up for help. He was then escorted back to a big city in Alaska, where he was admitted into a large hospital. The doctor said that if he would have gone one more day, he wouldn't have lived. This was a very scary and frightening moment in my family's life. Just think what a great asset a satellite phone would have been on that day. If he would have had a satellite phone, he could have called and been rescued a couple of days earlier. This would have prevented much of the infection that occurred in his body. He was never the same after this horrible accident. The next time that my family scheduled an Alaskan hunting adventure was in 1999, and I was going along. The story about my grandfather was told to me many times, and it seemed to make me second guess myself a little; I wasn't sure that I wanted to go. Although I had fear, I decided to go anyway. My family and I connected on a long flight from Denver to Anchorage, Alaska.

Leon Battista Alberti

Discuss Alberti ‘s treatise on Architecture in relation to San Andrea in Mantua. In peculiar, discourse the function of humanistic doctrine in his work giving careful attending to the inquiry of proportionLeon Battista Alberti ( 1404-72 ) was a true ‘Renaissance ‘ adult male. He was a talented dramatist, mathematician and sportsman trained in Law. As the individual in charge of the buildings commanded by the Pope, he had the juncture to compose one of the greatest plant of the theory of architecture De Re Aedificatoria ( On Building ) . Most of it was completed in 1452 and printed in 1485. In the Ten books of the Art of Building Alberti has explained the utility of a roof and wall for homo. He said that it helps us to come near to one another and besides turn together. Therefore we should be thankful to designers non merely because they provides us a safe and welcome topographic point but besides for its many inventions, which are utile to both persons and the populace and the besides provide our day-to-day demands ( page 3 ) . Commissioned by Ludovico II Gonzaga, the church was begun in 1462 harmonizing to designs by Leon Battista Alberti on a site occupied by a Benedictine monastery, of which the bell tower ( 1414 ) remains. The edifice, nevertheless, was finished merely 328 old ages subsequently. Though ulterior alterations and enlargements altered Alberti ‘s design, the church is still considered to be one of Alberti ‘s most complete plants. The intent of the Renaissance edifice was to incorporate the pilgrims who visited it during the banquet of Ascension when a phial, that the faithful argue contains the Blood of Christ, is brought up from the crypt below through a hole in the floor straight under the dome. Harmonizing to tradition the â€Å" Most Cherished Blood † was brought to Mantua by the Roman centurion Longinus and is preserved in the Sacred Vessels. It was held with high regard during the Renaissance which is merely show on Holy Friday. Humanitarianism is the perusal of the classics ( Grecian and Latin ) and integrating their thoughts into 1s ain. It is the cultural motion of the Renaissance architecture. Most renaissance classical architecture shows more â€Å" lucidity † than the older 1s, because it emphasizes clean lines, geometric forms, symmetricalness. It argues whether that is more â€Å" enlightened † than mediaeval architecture. It was more thought out, possibly ; more consistent, more systematic. Alberti had many doctrines when planing for edifices, and like the plants of Vitruvius, created text that gave direction on how to construct, but saved chief accent on the ornament and the exterior aesthetics of the construction. One rule that Alberti made usage of was a system of Proportionality that he developed utilizing systematic harmoniousness of musical ratio, to do his edifices appealing. Defined as â€Å" the precise and right lineation, conceived in the head, made up of lines and angles, and perfected in the erudite mind and imaginativeness † , this theory and â€Å" lineamenta † were cardinal in Alberti ‘s procedure of design. Alberti believed that the â€Å" Lineamenta † stood as an lineation and allowed proportions to be perceived in the design, where â€Å" The really same Numberss that cause sound to hold that concinnitas, delighting to the ears, can besides make full the eyes and head with fantastic delectation. Reapplying accent on the â⠂¬Å" humanistic attack to plan † The tie with the humanistic manner of design is a changeless subject throughout Alberti ‘s 10 books, and the â€Å" beauty of Buildings † besides features to a great extent. Albert ‘s definition, Beauty resides in a sound harmoniousness of all the parts within a organic structure, so that nil may be added, taken away, or altered, but for the worse. It is a great and holy affair, all our resources of accomplishment and inventiveness will be taxed in accomplishing it ; and seldom is it granted even to Nature herself, to bring forth anything that is wholly complete and perfect in every regard. ( VI, two, 156 ) . Alberti ‘s position of what Beauty is has connexion to the analogy of theanthropism, seeing â€Å" Man † as a constituent that uses energy to function and make good. This doctrine maintains that Alberti believed that work forces were made in God ‘s image and similitude, Godhead of the existence, and through this idea, understood that what qualities make a edifice â€Å" beautiful † opens the way to the path of all Knowledge and the original beginning of beauty to pull from, God himself. In his treatise nature is used as inspiration, where â€Å" the ground of Nature † permits an designer to look into into the characteristics of the natural universe, including adult male ‘s influence, to go better equipped to perceive and do usage of â€Å" Concinnitas † , ( which Alberti refers to as â€Å" the partner and psyche of ground † ) to associate presenting nature as the beginning of art in architecture and the nature based Torahs embedded in the outside universe. As in the San Andrea, Mantua the fa & A ; ccedil ; fruit drink of the church is finely decorated with curves and fluxing forms on the ordered columns, pulling from Alberti ‘s treatise and its counsel on how to non merely make a edifice, but how to do its beauty reflect that of God ‘s love and NatureRefrences:sacredarchitecture.org/authors/carroll_william_westfall/ -Carroll William Westfall ( Journal entry 16 )hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/S. _Andrea.htmlMarvin Trachtenberg and Isabelle Hyman. Architecture: from Prehistory to Post-Modernism. p295-6MentionsTitle: On the Art of Building in Ten Books Writer: Leon Battista Alberti Translator: Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach, Robert Tavernor Published by the MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England hypertext transfer protocol: //www.albertiefirenze.it/english/leon_battista_alberti/index.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //eng.archinform.net/projekte/4126.htm

Anatomy and Histology of the Small and Large Intestine

Anatomy and Histology of the Small and Large Intestine MACROSCOPIC FEATURES Small Intestine The small intestine is a specialized tubular structure within the abdominal cavity in continuity with the stomach proximally and the colon distally. The small bowel increases 20 times in length with aging, from 200 cm in the newborn to almost 6 m in the adult, and its length is approximated by three times the length of the infant, or height of the child or adult. 1] The duodenum, the most proximal portion of the small intestine, begins at the duodenal bulb, travels in the retroperitoneal space around the head of the pancreas, and ends on its return to the peritoneal cavity at the ligament of Treitz. The remainder of the small intestine is suspended within the peritoneal cavity by a thin, broad-based mesentery that is attached to the posterior abdominal wall and allows free movement of the small intestine within the abdominal cavity. The proximal 40% of the mobile small intestine is the jejunum , and the remaining 60% is the ileum.The jejunum occupies the left upper portion of the abdomen, and the ileum is positioned in the right abdomen and upper part of the pelvis. No distinct anatomic demarcation exists between jeju-num and ileum. Visual examination of the luminal surface of the small intestine reveals mucosal folds, the plicae circulares. More numerous in the proximal jejunum, the plicae circulares decrease in number in the distal small bowel and are absent in the terminal ileum. Aggregates of lymphoid follicles are scattered throughout the small intestine but are found in highest concentration within the ileum, where they are designated Peyer's patches.Peyer's patches normally are more prominent during infancy and childhood than they are in adulthood. The small bowel is in continuity with the colon at the ileocecal valve, which comprises two semilunar lips that protrude into the cecum. The ileocecal valve provides a barrier to the retrograde flow of colonic contents i nto the small intestine. This barrier appears to be a function of the angulation between the ileum and cecum that is maintained by the superior and inferior ileoceal ligaments,[2] and a true tonic, sphincter-type pressure does not appear to be present in this region.Colon and Rectum The colon is a tubular structure approximately 30 to 40 cm in length at birth in the full-term infant. In the adult, the colon measures 1. 5 m, about one quarter of the length of the small bowel. The diameter of the colon is greatest in the cecum (7. 5 cm) and narrowest in the sigmoid (2. 5 cm). The colon is continuous with the small intestine proximally at the ileocecal valve and ends distally at the anal verge ( Fig. 93-1 ).The external appearance of the colon differs from that of the small bowel, because the longitudinal muscle fibers of the colon coalesce into three discrete bands called teniae, located at 120-degree intervals about the colonic circumference: tenia liberis, tenia omentalis, and tenia mesocolica. The teniae start at the base of the appendix and extend continuously to the proximal rectum. Outpouchings of the colon, the haustra, are found between the teniae. Semilunar folds characterize the mucosa between the haustra. Sacs of peritoneum filled with adipose tissue, the appendices epiploicae, are found on the surface of the colon.

Build a Better House - With Dirt

Build a Better House - With Dirt Tomorrows homes may be made of glass and steel- or they may resemble the shelters built by our prehistoric ancestors. Architects and engineers are taking a new look at ancient building techniques, including building with earth products. Imagine a magical building material. Its cheap, perhaps even free. Its plentiful everywhere, worldwide. Its strong enough to hold up under extreme weather conditions. Its inexpensive to heat and cool. And its so easy to use that workers can learn the necessary skills in a few hours. This miraculous substance isnt only cheap as dirt, it is dirt, and its winning new respect from architects, engineers, and designers. One look at the Great Wall of China will tell you how durable earthen construction can be. And, concerns for the environment and energy conservation make ordinary dirt look downright appealing. What does an earth house look like? Perhaps it will resemble the 400-year-old Taos Pueblo. Or, tomorrows earth homes may take on surprising new forms. Types of Earth Construction An earth house can be made in a variety of ways: AdobeRammed EarthCob (mud with straw)Compressed Earth BlocksStraw Bale (not really earth, but very organic) Or, the house may be made with concrete but earth sheltered underground . Learning the Craft How many people live or work in buildings constructed of earth? The folks at eartharchitecture.org estimate that 50% of the worlds population spend much of their time in earthen architecture. In a global market economy, its time that more developed nations take note of this statistic. Traditional adobe homes in the American Southwest have wooden beams and flat roofs, but Simone Swan and her students at the Adobe Alliance have discovered the African mode of construction, with arches and domes. The result? Beautiful, ultra-strong, and energy-efficient homes, echoing the adobe domes built along the Nile centuries ago and being built today like earth igloos in places like Namibie and Ghana in Africa. No one can argue with the environmental benefits of using mud and straw. But the ecological building movement does have critics. In an interview with The Independent, Patrick Hannay, from the Welsh School of Architecture, attacked the straw bale structures at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales. There would appear to be little aesthetic leadership here, Hannay said. But, you be the judge. Does responsible architecture have to be unsightly? Can a cob, straw bale, or earth sheltered home be attractive and comfortable? Would you like to live in one? Designing a More Beautiful Mud Hut The African earth igloos, however, come with a stigma. Because of primitive construction methods, mud huts have been associated with housing for the poor, even if building with mud is a proven architecture. The Nka Foundation is trying to change the mud hut image with an international competition. Nka, an African word for artistry, challenges designers to give these ancient building practices a modern aesthetic that is missing. The challenge outlined by the Nka Foundation is this: The challenge is to design a single-family unit of about 30 x 40 feet on a plot of 60 x 60 feet to be built by maximum use of earth and local labor in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The client of your design is the middle-income family in any township of your choice in the Ashanti Region. Total costs of constructing the design entry must not exceed $6,000; land value is excluded from this price point. The entry should serve as an example to the local people that mud architecture can be beautiful and durable. The need for this competition tells us several things: How something is built can have little to do with aesthetics. A home can be well-made but ugly.Attaining status through architecture is nothing new; creating an image transcends socio-economic class. Design and construction materials, the essential tools of architecture, have the power to make or break stigma. Architecture has a long history of design principles that often get lost through the years. Roman architect Vitruvius set a standard with 3 Rules of Architecture- Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. Heres hoping that earth igloo construction will rise to the level of being built with more beauty and delight. Learn More: Winners of the Mud House Design 2014 CompetitionTour a village of earth-walled homes in Loreto Bay, MexicoAdobe Mud: Building With Earth by Catherine Wanek, Mother Earth News, June/July 2009Earth Architecture by Ronald Rael, Princeton Architectural Press, 2010Earth Architecture in Iran: Earth Buildings, Mud Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Rammed Earth, Mud Bricks by Hamed Niroumand, LAP, 2011Adobe and Rammed Earth Buildings: Design and Construction by Paul Graham McHenry, Jr., University of Arizona Press, 1989 Sources: Architecture: A house made of straw by Nonie Niesewand, The Independent, May 24, 1999; eartharchitecture.org; 2014 Mud House Design Competition [accessed June 6, 2015]

Best Place to Buy an Essay with a Credit CardEssay Writing Service

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40 Different Ways to Define What Archaeologists Do

40 Different Ways to Define What Archaeologists Do Archaeology has been defined by many people in many different ways since the formal study began 150 years ago. Of course, some of the differences in those definitions reflect the dynamic nature of the field. If you look at the  history of archaeology, you will notice that the study has become more scientific over time, and more focused on human behavior. But mostly, these definitions are simply subjective, reflecting how individuals look at and feel about archaeology. Archaeologists speak from their varied experiences in the field and in the lab. Non-archaeologists speak from their vision of the archaeology, as filtered by what archaeologists say, and by how popular media presents the study. In my opinion, all of these definitions are valid expressions of what archaeology is. Defining Archaeology Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Lintong District of Xian, Shaanxi Province, China. (August 2009).   China Photos / Getty Images [Archaeology is] the discipline with the theory and practice for the recovery of unobservable hominid behavior patterns from indirect traces in bad samples. David Clarke. 1973. Archaeology: The Loss of Innocence. Antiquity 47:17. Archaeology is the scientific study of peoples of the past... their culture and their relationship with their environment. The purpose of archaeology is to understand how humans in the past interacted with their environment, and to preserve this history for present and future learning. Larry J. Zimmerman Archaeology is a term which can be interpreted in different ways, given the broad range of research methods, periods and activities that can constitute archaeology and its research. Suzie Thomas. Community archaeology. Key Concepts in Public Archaeology. Ed. Moshenska, Gabriel. London: UCL Press, 2017. 15. Historical archaeology is more than just a treasure hunt. It is a challenging search for clues to the people, events, and places of the past. Society for Historical Archaeology Archaeology is about adventure and discovery, it involves explorations in exotic places (near or far) and it is carried out by digging detectives. Arguably, in popular culture, the research process- archaeology in action- has actually been more important than the actual research results themselves.  Cornelius Holtorf. Archaeology Is a Brand! The Meaning of Archaeology in Contemporary Popular Culture. London: Routledge, 2016. 45 Archaeology is our way of reading that message and understanding how these peoples lived. Archaeologists take the clues left behind by the people of the past, and, like detectives, work to reconstruct how long ago they lived, what they ate, what their tools and homes were like, and what became of them. State Historical Society of South Dakota Archaeology is the scientific study of past cultures and the way people lived based on the things they left behind. Alabama Archaeology Archaeology is not a science because it does not apply any recognised model has no validity: each science studies a different subject and therefore uses, or could use, a different model. Merilee Salmon, quote suggested by Andrea Vianello. A Mind-Numbing Job Archaeologists have the most mind-numbing job on the planet. Bill Watterson. Calvin and Hobbes, 17 June 2009. After all, archeology is fun. Hell, I dont break the soil periodically to reaffirm my status. I do it because archeology is still the most fun you can have with your pants on. Kent V. Flannery. 1982. The golden Marshalltown: A parable for the archeology of the 1980s. American Anthropologist 84:265-278. [Archaeology] seeks to discover how we became human beings endowed with minds and souls before we had learned to write. Grahame Clarke. 1993. A Path to Prehistory. Cited in Brian Fagans Grahame Clark: An Intellectual Biography of an Archaeologist. 2001. Westview Press. Archaeology puts all human societies on an equal footing. Brian Fagan. 1996. Introduction to the Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Oxford University Press, New York. Archeology is the only branch of anthropology where we kill our informants in the process of studying them. Kent Flannery. 1982. The golden Marshalltown: A parable for the archeology of the 1980s. American Anthropologist 84:265-278. The fundamental problem of using statistics in archaeology is quantification, i.e., the reduction of collections of objects to datasets. Clive Orton. Data. A Dictionary of Archaeology. Eds. Shaw, Ian and Robert Jameson. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. 194. Archaeology is like life: if youre going to accomplish anything you have to learn to live with regret, learn from mistakes, and get on with it.  Tom King. 2005. Doing Archaeology. Left Coast Press Partaking of the Past Throne Room, Palace of Knossos, Crete, Greece. Ed Freeman / Getty Images The archaeologist partakes of, contributes to, is validated by, and dutifully records present-day social and political structures in the identification of research problems and in the interpretation of findings. It remains for reflective, socio-political research in archaeology to decipher the present while we unearth the past, and to distinguish the two whenever possible. Joan Gero. 1985. Socio-politics and the woman-at-home ideology. American Antiquity 50(2):347 Archaeology is not simply the finite body of artefactual evidence uncovered in excavations. Rather, archaeology is what archaeologists say about that evidence. It is the ongoing process of discussing the past which is, in itself, an ongoing process. Only recently have we begun to realise the complexity of that discourse. ... [T]he discipline of archaeology is a site of disputationa dynamic, fluid, multidimensional engagement of voices bearing upon both past and present. John C. McEnroe. 2002. Cretan Questions: Politics and archaeology 1898-1913. In Labyrinth Revisited: Rethinking Minoan Archaeology, Yannis Hamilakis, editor. Oxbow Books, Oxford Public archaeology is not only a matter of working with communities or providing educational opportunities. It is about management and the construction of knowledge and the concept of heritage. Lorna-Jane Richardson, and Jaime Almansa-Snchez. Do You Even Know What Public Archaeology Is? Trends, Theory, Practice, Ethics. World Archaeology 47.2 (2015): 194-211. Print. [Archaeology] is not what you find, it’s what you find out. David Hurst Thomas. 1989. Archaeology. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 2nd edition, page 31. I can understand archaeology being attacked on the ground of its excessive realism, but to attack it as pedantic seems to be very much beside the mark. However, to attack it for any reason is foolish; one might just as well speak disrespectfully of the equator. For archaeology, being a science, is neither good nor bad, but a fact simply. Its value depends entirely on how it is used, and only an artist can use it. We look to the archaeologist for the materials, to the artist for the method. Indeed, archaeology is only really delightful when transfused into some form of art. Oscar Wilde. 1891. The Truth of Masks, Intentions (1891), and page 216 in The Works of Oscar Wilde. 1909. Edited by Jules Barbey dAurevilly, Lamb: London. The Search for Fact Tikal - the Rebel Base. Hector Garcia Archaeology is the search for fact, not truth. Indiana Jones. 1989. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Screenplay by Jeff Boam, story by George Lucas and Menno Meyjes. An aware, responsible and engaged global archaeology might be a relevant, positive force which recognizes and celebrates difference, diversity and real multivocality. Under common skies and before divided horizons, exposure to global difference and alterity prompts us all to seek responses and responsibility. Lynn Meskell. 1998. Introduction: Archaeology matters. In Archaeology Under Fire. Lynn Meskell (ed.), Routledge Press, London. p. 5. Archaeology is the study of humanity itself, and unless that attitude towards the subject is kept in mind archaeology will be overwhelmed by impossible theories or a welter of flint chips. Margaret Murray. 1961. First steps in archaeology. Antiquity 35:13 This has become the archaeologists grandiose task: to make dried-up wellsprings bubble forth again, to make the forgotten known again, the dead alive, and to cause to flow once more that historic stream in which we are all encompassed. C. W. Ceram. 1949. Gods, Graves and Scholars. Thanks to Marilyn Johnson for the suggestion. Archaeology is the only discipline that seeks to study human behavior and thought without having any direct contact with either. Bruce G. Trigger. 1991. Archaeology and epistemology: Dialoguing across the Darwinian chasm. American Journal of Archaeology 102:1-34. A Voyage to the Past Archaeology is our voyage to the past, where we discover who we were and therefore who we are. Camille Paglia. 1999. Mummy Dearest: Archaeology is Unfairly Maligned by Trendy Academics. Wall Street Journal, p. A26 [Archaeology is] a vast fiendish jigsaw puzzle invented by the devil as an instrument of tantalizing torture.  Paul Bahn. 1989 Bluff your way through archaeology. Egmont House: London The role of New World archaeology in providing material for the study of aesthetics is not inconsiderable, but is tangential to the main interest and non-significant from the point of view of theory. In short, paraphrasing [Frederic William] Maitlands famous dictum: New World archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing. Philip Phillips. 1955. American archaeology and general anthropological theory. Southwestern Journal of Archaeology 11:246. By and by, anthropology will have the choice between being history and being nothing. Frederic William Maitland. 1911. The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland, vol. 3. Edited by H.A.L. Fisher. This feature is part of the About.com Guide to Field Definitions of Archaeology and Related Disciplines. Geoff Carvers Collection of Archaeology Definitions Archaeology is that branch of science which is concerned with past phases of human culture; in practice it is concerned more, but not exclusively, with early and prehistoric phases than with those illustrated by written documents. O.G.S. Crawford, 1960. Archaeology in the Field. Phoenix House, London. [Archaeology] is the method of finding out about the past of the human race in its material aspects, and the study of the products of this past. Kathleen Kenyon, 1956. Beginning in Archaeology. Phoenix House, London. Archaeology Definition: A Few Thousand Years British archaeologist Leonard Woolley (right) and T E Lawrence with a Hittite bas-relief in basalt at the ancient city of Carchemish, Turkey, 1913.   Pierre Perrin / Sygma / Getty Images Archaeology... deals with a period limited to a few thousand years and its subject is not the universe, not even the human race, but modern man. C. Leonard Woolley, 1961. Digging up the Past. Penguin, Harmondsworth. Archaeology is what archaeologists do. David Clarke, 1973 Archaeology: the loss of innocence. Antiquity 47:6-18. Archaeology is, after all, one discipline. David Clarke, 1973 Archaeology: the loss of innocence. Antiquity 47:6-18. Defining Archaeology: The Value of an Object Field Archaeology is the application of scientific method to the excavation of ancient objects, and it is based on the theory that the historical value of an object depends not so much on the nature of the object itself as on its associations, which only scientific excavation can detect... digging consists very largely in observation, recording and interpretation. C. Leonard Woolley, 1961. Digging up the Past. Penguin, Harmondsworth. Archaeology – the knowledge of how man has acquired his present position and powers – is one of the widest studies, best fitted to open the mind, and to produce that type of wide interests and toleration which is the highest result of education. William Flinders Petrie, 1904 Methods and Aims in Archaeology. Macmillan and Co., London. Archaeology Definition: Not Things, But People If there be a connecting theme in the following pages, it is this: an insistence that the archaeologist is digging up, not things, but people. R.E. Mortimer Wheeler, 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Field archaeology is, not surprisingly, what archaeologists do in the field. However, it also has a considerable pre-field element and an even more considerable post-field element. Sometimes the term ‘field archaeology’ is used only to refer to techniques, other than excavation, used by archaeologists in the field. ‘Field archaeology’ used in this way refers essentially to the battery of non-destructive field techniques used to locate areas of archaeological interest (sites). Peter L. Drewett, 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. UCL Press, London. We are concerned here with methodical digging for systematic information, not with the upturning of earth in a hunt for the bones of saints and giants or the armoury of heroes, or just plainly for treasure. R.E. Mortimer Wheeler, 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford. The Material Remains of the Human Past Classical Greek terracotta gorgoneion antefix (roof tile), 2nd half of 5th c BC. The Metropolitan Museum, New York The Greeks and Romans, though they were interested in the early development of man and in the status of their barbarian neighbours, did not develop the necessary prerequisites for writing prehistory, namely the collection, excavation, classification, description and analysis of the material remains of the human past. Glyn E. Daniel, 1975. A Hundred and Fifty Years of Archaeology. 2nd ed. Duckworth, London. [Archaeology] researches tending to illustrate the monuments and remains of antiquity. T. J. Pettigrew, 1848. Introductory address. Transactions of the British Archaeological Association 1-15. So lsst sich Archologie bestimmen als die Wissenschaft vom materiellen Erbe der antiken Kulturen des Mittelmeerraumes. German. August Herman Niemeyer, cited in C. Huber and F. X. Schà ¼tz, 2004. Einfà ¼hrung in Archologische Informationssysteme (AIS): Ein Methodenspektrum fà ¼r Schule, Studium und Beruf mit Beispielen auf CD. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.

Historical Definition of Globalization Assignment

Historical Definition of Globalization - Assignment Example Nevertheless, there are other different factors that have shaped globalization and define its historical development. One such factor is political. Political systems have promoted, hindered, and regulated trade both today and in the past. Establishment of legal systems, regulatory bodies, and institutions that hinder or serve the development of international trade and solve disputes between conflicting nations has long historical roots (Wright, 2015). In addition, exposure of different regions to political systems and forces in the past was a major determinant of the growth or failure of the process of economic globalization. Case in point, Wright (2015) shows how the Mandinka and Islam contributed to the incorporation and exposure of the Niumi into the global system. The political influences of the Mandinka and Islam in the trans-Saharan trade framework contributed to the strengthening of the Niumi Polity (Wright, 2015). The Portuguese arrival further allowed for entry of the Niumi into trade across the Atlantic complex. Non-economic globalization can also be defined in the form of social and cultural integration. There are four streams of current global culture which have significant historical roots: global academic culture, global business culture, popular religious culture, and popular secular culture (Wright, 2015). Social and cultural interactions have led to the development of a global civil society in which individuals and communities share social and religious perspectives.

Pyramids in Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pyramids in Egypt - Research Paper Example This paper will focus on this and more so, on the Great pyramids of Giza. The name of the great pyramids is because they constitute the oldest and the largest pyramids in ancient Egypt (Lenher, 1997). They were the first pyramids to be constructed in Egypt by a King called Cheops. Although Cheops was not the first to construct a pyramid, many others including his father Snofru had tried and failed to come up with a perfect pyramid (Verner, 2003). The History – The First Pyramid The history of pyramids can be dated back to the early construction of tombs in Egypt. The construction of the tombs was especially for the burial of the kings and pharaohs of the land. According to Petrie an Egyptologist (Verner, 2003), the pyramids were approximately 280 cubits high and 440 cubits lengthwise. The Pyramids form the greatest wonders of the world today. According to Mendelssohn (1971), the above measurements of the pyramid translate to about a height of 454.5 feet and a length of 755 34 feet. The dimensions brought about the exact relation between the height and length to an accurate 22/7 also known as the ? in mathematics. This accuracy has resulted in questions whether the Egyptians already had a well formed architectural culture, or whether it was by chance. Verner (2003) stated that it did not matter whether they knew the existence of the mathematical ?, the thing is that they used it nonetheless. However, some historians believe that this accuracy could have been deliberate and should therefore not be ignored. According to Petrie, the precision must have been deliberate and included in the design of the builders. The development of the pyramids can be traced back to the culture of the Egyptians. Egyptians were very religious people and believed in many gods. People saw the Pharaoh who was their head as a living god. This respect of the Pharaoh was immense, that the Egyptians believed that they were still ruling over them in spirit form. Hence they were worship ped even in their dead state. The Egyptians believed in life after death. According to them, when a person died, their soul would remain and exist in spirit form called Ka. People believed that Ka would revisit the dead body and dwell in it. As a result of this belief, it was paramount that the body be preserved to entice Ka to come back into the body and dwell forever (Verner, 2003). Since they also believed that life after death was more important and eternal, they treated the dead with great respect and even worshiped them (Verner, 2003). This led to the construction of tombs. Great expense in terms of time and skill went into construction of tombs especially for the Pharaohs. The name of the early tombs was Mastaba (Edwards, 1993). These Mastabas were graves that had slanted walls and flat tops. They formed the embryo for the construction of pyramids. The construction of the stepped pyramids was an attempt to improve these tombs. The formation was through layering of Mastabas fo rming a pyramid that has steps on the side. There was still dissatisfaction as there was a desire to give the Pharaoh an ultimate resting place where he could be worshipped forever. Since the Kings also had a lot of possessions, which they treasured, there was a need to build bigger tombs to accommodate the possessions. Such constructions allowed for the burial of the Pharaoh. From the stepped

Uniting Legl Dctrine nd Discurse t Rethink Wmen's Wrkplce Rights Essay

Uniting Legl Dctrine nd Discurse t Rethink Wmen's Wrkplce Rights - Essay Example As the discussion stresses almÐ ¾st since the Ð ¾rigins Ð ¾f the struggle fÐ ¾r wÐ ¾men's rights, disÐ °greement hÐ °s existed Ð ¾ver the mÐ ¾st effective wÐ °ys tÐ ¾ secure wÐ ¾men's equÐ °l stÐ °nding befÐ ¾re the lÐ °w. Despite impÐ ¾rtÐ °nt Ð °dvÐ °ncements, the lÐ °w cÐ ¾nsistently hÐ °s limited wÐ ¾men's rights when cÐ ¾mpÐ °red tÐ ¾ thÐ ¾se Ð °ccÐ ¾rded tÐ ¾ men. The Ð °rticle thÐ °t is being Ð °nÐ °lyzed Ð °pplies feminist reÐ °dings Ð ¾f rhetÐ ¾ricÐ °l theÐ ¾ry Ð °nd the lÐ °w tÐ ¾ help explÐ °in the reÐ °ch Ð °nd ideÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy Ð ¾f legÐ °l lÐ °nguÐ °ge prÐ °ctices thÐ °t perpetuÐ °te structurÐ °l Ð °nd Ð °ttitudinÐ °l bÐ °rriers tÐ ¾ gender equÐ °lity. In unmÐ °sking legÐ °l discÐ ¾urses Ð ¾f pÐ ¾wer used tÐ ¾ mÐ °rginÐ °lize the stÐ °tus Ð ¾f wÐ ¾men wÐ ¾rkers, the Ð °uthÐ ¾r fÐ ¾cuses upÐ ¾n the Supreme CÐ ¾urt's treÐ °tment Ð ¾f wÐ ¾men in Ð ° series Ð ¾f cÐ °ses Ð °ddressing wÐ ¾rker rights Ð °nd Ð ¾ccupÐ °tiÐ ¾nÐ °l freedÐ ¾m. In dÐ ¾ing sÐ ¾ the fÐ ¾cus is cÐ ¾ntended tÐ ¾ the pÐ ¾int thÐ °t CÐ ¾urt decisiÐ ¾ns invÐ ¾lving wÐ ¾men's Ð ¾ccupÐ °tiÐ ¾nÐ °l freedÐ ¾m cÐ ¾ntribute tÐ ¾ the cÐ ¾ntinued subÐ ¾rdinÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð ¾f wÐ ¾men in the wÐ ¾rkplÐ °ce. This research declares that the structure Ð ¾f the Ð °rticle is simple Ð °nd fÐ ¾llÐ ¾ws the lÐ ¾gicÐ °l thinking Ð ¾f the Ð °uthÐ ¾r Ð °s she is fÐ ¾rwÐ °rding the issues Ð ¾f rights equÐ °lity Ð ¾n the wÐ ¾rkplÐ °ce, in pÐ ¾litics Ð °nd in Ð ¾ther Ð °reÐ °s Ð ¾f life where the men seem tÐ ¾ dÐ ¾minÐ °te. UltimÐ °tely, this pÐ °rt cÐ ¾ncludes thÐ °t by integrÐ °ting the structure Ð ¾f legÐ °l rules with the lÐ °nguÐ °ge used tÐ ¾ express them intÐ ¾ Ð ¾ne Ð °nÐ °lyticÐ °l methÐ ¾d, it is pÐ ¾ssible tÐ ¾ exÐ °mine the discÐ ¾urse thÐ °t cÐ ¾urts hÐ °ve used tÐ ¾ justify cÐ ¾ntinued restrictiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾n wÐ ¾men in the wÐ ¾rkplÐ °ce.

Social Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Performance - Essay Example The secondary stakeholders are those individuals who have indirect interest with the interests of the company, and they include inhabitants who live close to the company, and would therefore be affected if the organization decides to pollute their local rivers or staff who count on the company employing indigenous workers. These secondary stakeholders can also be primary stakeholders. For example, the pollution directed to the environment might affect those who live next to the company. The company employs others and they stock the company making them have direct interest with the company’s financial well-being (Keep, 2003). These stakeholders at times became so vocal, like when the staff members go against laying off workers and outsourcing other financial goals. Primary stakeholders of this company are at times known as market stakeholders. All these stakeholders are important for this organization as the primary stakeholders have an official, or prescribed relationship with the company (Keep, 2003). The secondary stakeholders have a continuous or an enduring interest in the company, but no direct financial contact. Even though the primary stakeholders develop a direct connection with the company, situations would imply that they should not continually receive the highest impact by an administrator controlling which specific strategic preference to choose (Keep, 2003). Stakeholders can influence an organization by expecting the company to stratify their needs. In addition to this, stakeholders offer the company with resources, and in turn expect a suitable profit on their savings. Workforces provide manual labor, skills and in exchange anticipate getting a corresponding income and trade satisfaction (Keep, 2003). Clients want value for capital invested and traders seek responsible buyers. Shareholders as managers should always work towards the interest of the company owners (Keep, 2003). Q2) Recommend ways the stakeholders can influence the destiny of your business. The company should also work in a manner that it treats all the stakeholders fairly. This is because the company appreciates varying views. The company should note that it cannot function without the stakeholders taking part in the decision making process. Therefore, it is important to involve the stakeholders in the process of making decision especially concerning matters to do with investments (Keep, 2003). The major influence of stakeholders will reflect on how they affect the planning of activities in the company, how they lead to uncertainty in the company plans, and the company needs depend on the stakeholders’ decisions. It is important to note that senior management of the company has a lot of influence than the environmental activists (Keep, 2003). The organization can make an effort to develop racial coherence to alter the social environment for workers of both the ethnic or social minority, as well as the majority within the company to ensure that th ey all work in harmony towards achieving their company goals. This company should always aim at involving all members in the process of decision making so that everyone involved feels part of the organization (Keep, 2003). The organization should always provide accommodating work conditions, relief programs for workers, leave for parents, and other attempts that offer workers leisure time to reduce stress and enhance productivity

When desigining a buliding , what steps are put in place to protect Assignment

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Social Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Performance - Essay Example The secondary stakeholders are those individuals who have indirect interest with the interests of the company, and they include inhabitants who live close to the company, and would therefore be affected if the organization decides to pollute their local rivers or staff who count on the company employing indigenous workers. These secondary stakeholders can also be primary stakeholders. For example, the pollution directed to the environment might affect those who live next to the company. The company employs others and they stock the company making them have direct interest with the company’s financial well-being (Keep, 2003). These stakeholders at times became so vocal, like when the staff members go against laying off workers and outsourcing other financial goals. Primary stakeholders of this company are at times known as market stakeholders. All these stakeholders are important for this organization as the primary stakeholders have an official, or prescribed relationship with the company (Keep, 2003). The secondary stakeholders have a continuous or an enduring interest in the company, but no direct financial contact. Even though the primary stakeholders develop a direct connection with the company, situations would imply that they should not continually receive the highest impact by an administrator controlling which specific strategic preference to choose (Keep, 2003). Stakeholders can influence an organization by expecting the company to stratify their needs. In addition to this, stakeholders offer the company with resources, and in turn expect a suitable profit on their savings. Workforces provide manual labor, skills and in exchange anticipate getting a corresponding income and trade satisfaction (Keep, 2003). Clients want value for capital invested and traders seek responsible buyers. Shareholders as managers should always work towards the interest of the company owners (Keep, 2003). Q2) Recommend ways the stakeholders can influence the destiny of your business. The company should also work in a manner that it treats all the stakeholders fairly. This is because the company appreciates varying views. The company should note that it cannot function without the stakeholders taking part in the decision making process. Therefore, it is important to involve the stakeholders in the process of making decision especially concerning matters to do with investments (Keep, 2003). The major influence of stakeholders will reflect on how they affect the planning of activities in the company, how they lead to uncertainty in the company plans, and the company needs depend on the stakeholders’ decisions. It is important to note that senior management of the company has a lot of influence than the environmental activists (Keep, 2003). The organization can make an effort to develop racial coherence to alter the social environment for workers of both the ethnic or social minority, as well as the majority within the company to ensure that th ey all work in harmony towards achieving their company goals. This company should always aim at involving all members in the process of decision making so that everyone involved feels part of the organization (Keep, 2003). The organization should always provide accommodating work conditions, relief programs for workers, leave for parents, and other attempts that offer workers leisure time to reduce stress and enhance productivity

The impact of education on someone who is disadvantaged Essay

The impact of education on someone who is disadvantaged - Essay Example For the poor children, their parents do not have such information or knowledge. In the essay by Welty, she describes the influence her first grade teacher, Miss Duling, had on her life. Although her parents were uneducated, school helped her gain what her parents did not provide. Duling was the kind of teacher that demanded perfection. She describes her as a figure of authority. These are the skills Miss Duling and the other teachers passed to her students. People from poor backgrounds might not have access to such knowledge. However, education, especially their interactions with the teachers, gives them the vita skills that prepare them for a better life. She notes that they learned â€Å"grammar, arithmetic, spelling, reading, writing, geography, physical training, and singing† (Welty, 414). As Welty notes in the essay, Miss Duling had ‘stridden into a larger part of my work than I’d realized until now’ (Welty, 414). Similarly, in the TED talk by Dr. Cana da, he points out that the children of the wealthy have an advantage because their parents know many things. The poor people do not know. Education is the only channel through which the poor can be helped. Poor people do not operate on the same level as the rich. While the rich might be able to enjoy certain privileges, the poor cannot afford these. Through education however, people from poor backgrounds are able to access the same opportunities as the rich. In the video by Dr. Canada for instance, he argues that while the rich will take their children to pre-kindergarten and access the benefits that come with it, the poor do have the chance. Through education however, the poor and the wealthy are equalized. In the essay by Welty, the idea of equality is also brought out. For instance, when the new governor sent her daughter to Davis School, Miss Duling telephoned her and told her that she will simply ‘be plain Rachel here’ (Welty, 414). Although she was from a wealthy

Supply Chain Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Essay Gradual, long-term movement in time-series data is called a. seasonal variation b. cycles c. trends d. exponential variation e. random variation Which of the following is not present in a time series? a. seasonality b. operational variations c. trend d. cycles e. random variations The fundamental difference between cycles and seasonality is the a. duration of the repeating patterns b. magnitude of the variation c. ability to attribute the pattern to a cause d. all of the above In time series, which of the following cannot be predicted? a. large increases in demand b. technological trends c. easonal fluctuations d. random fluctuations e. large decreases in demand What is the approximate forecast for May using a four-month moving average? Which time series model below assumes that demand in the next period will be equal to the most recent periods demand? a. naive approach b. moving average approach c. weighted moving average approach d. exponential smoothing approach e. none of the above Which of the following is not a characteristic of simple moving averages? . it smoothes random variations in the data b. it has minimal data storage requirements c. it weights each historical value equally d. it smoothes real variations in the data 21. 3 22. A six-month moving average forecast is better than a three-month moving average forecast if demand a. is rather stable b. has been changing due to recent promotional efforts c. follows a downward trend d. follows an upward trend Increasing the number of periods in a moving average will accomplish greater smoothing, but at the expense of a. manager understanding b. accuracy c. stability d. esponsiveness to changes Which of the following statements comparing the weighted moving aver age technique and exponential smoothing is true? Exponential smoothing is more easily used in combination with the Delphi method. b. More emphasis can be placed on recent values using the weighted moving average. c. Exponential smoothing is considerably more difficult to implement on a computer. d. Exponential smoothing typically requires less record-keeping of past data. Which time series model uses past forecasts and past demand data to generate a new forecast? a. naive b. moving average c. weighted moving average d. xponential smoothing Which is not a characteristic of exponential smoothing? a. smoothes random variations in the data b. easily altered weighting scheme c. weights each historical value equally d. has minimal data storage requirements Which of the following smoothing constants would make an exponential smoothing forecast equivalent to a naive forecast?

The objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influenced

The objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influenced Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate the objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influenced by the company. It further illustrates the impact of the economic, social and global environment on Vodafone and how it helps them in making decisions. Moreover, the second half of the assignment shows how organizations in general act, role of the market structures and what are the strategies employed by the organizations to deal with them. Finally, The last task gives a good knowledge of how UK businesses have been affected by the European Union and whether joining the European Monitory Union is a solution to overcome recession. Mission, Objectives and responsibilities of an organization within its environment Mission, objectives and values: Vodafone is relatively a new company if it is compared with other UKs leading multinational companies such as Shell, BP and Rolls-Royce who have been in the industry for more than a century. Vodafone has defined a consistent set of values to achieve the aim of being a respected and pioneering company that puts the customer at the heart of their business. The essence of who they are underpins their values. They emphasize in the importance of; Speed   Vodafone is focused on speed to market, meaning they persistently prioritise and pursue the outcomes that matter to their business. Simplicity   They make things simple for their customers, partners and colleagues. Trust   They are reliable and transparent to deal with. They deliver for others, and believe on others to do the same. Their objective just like any other organization is reasonably high but they make no compromises in achieving their goals by not only having a bigger portfolio then the rivals but also by making sure that all the stake holders are influenced by the companys products and services. Influence of Stakeholders Vodafone believes in having constant feedbacks therefore dialogue between stakeholders is a part of normal business practice to them. This way the stakeholders are kept influenced by the company. Vodafone has the following stakeholders; Customers: Customers are the first priority and Vodafone ensures they are taken good care of. No customer would expect to be the cash cows hence it is essential that they are not overcharged for the products or services they use. They ensure this by marketing honestly; communicating openly and making sure customers are happy. Employees: Vodafone strongly believes that for customer satisfaction it is essential that the staff is well trained and have good knowledge of the products and services they are offering. Vodafone does that by recruiting and retaining the best people, invest in improving their skills and motivate employees by setting clear goals and reward them for achievements. Shareholders: They are the ones who have invested their money and time in the organization and therefore expect great returns or the share value of their company will decrease. Supply chain partners: The suppliers demands fairness and want to be dealt effectively and paid on time or it may cause a bad name for the company. Local community: They participate in local and national charities through The Vodafone UK Foundation, observe and aggressively reduce the impact of the business on the environment by recycling  mobile phones, reducing waste and energy saving activities. They also make certain that the concerns of local communities, pressure groups and all other stake holders are heard and considered before coming to a decision. Government: The governments controls organizations by putting laws and acting as watchdogs what the wants taxes, regenerate the area to reduce unemployment and ease disaffection amongst communities. Achieving the objectives of Stakeholders: Customers: Vodafone has 10% of the worlds market for mobile telephony and they have achieved this by safeguarding the rights of customers by setting up objectives and ensuring they are met precisely. Their reputation depends on earning trust of their customers and therefore they rely on the following main aspects for customer satisfaction. Content standards: Due to the large range of contents available online on mobile phones, Vodafone introduced a supervisory body where inappropriate content for all customers, especially young users are protected. Responsible Marketing: They make sure communications are always legitimate, decent, reasonable, authentic, straightforward and sensitive to the views of different groups in society. Pricing Policies: Clarity and affordability of pricing across the markets have been improved by introducing simpler price plans, and making tariffs more liable and flexible. They have also reformatted bills to help communicate the new price plans in a simpler way. Driving Safety: They support national legislation to promote safe use of mobile phones to drivers. For this reason they have invested in advertising and campaighing to Drive Safe! and also recommend hands-free kits to be used in cars for emergency. Product Safety: Before purchasing products, they conduct risk assessments to identify any health and safety issues. In the event that a product or piece of equipment is found to be unsafe, an immediate incident investigation is required and acted upon. Employees: Vodafone relies on it employees. Its their enthusiasm, talent and commitment that brought the company where it is today. Vodafone aims to treat all employees equally, ensuring healthy employee relations through open communication and consultation processes. Equal opportunity: Employee diversity is an asset to them, having employed people from different phases of life and of different gender and ages it helps them to serve customers all around the world. By instructing the recruitment consultants to recommend a suitable female candidate for every vacancy at management level, ensuring mobility needs are met for disabled employees and by international rotation of the employees; Vodafone aims to focus on Gender, Cultural and Disabled diversities, respectively. Reward and recognition: On meeting the targets they are given bonuses and benefits. They offer benefits such as medical insurance, subsidised mobile phones, share plans and retirement benefits. Training and Development: They provide training and development prospects to support employees gain new skills, and inspire them to reach their full potential. Vodafone offers a wide range of online courses related to specific aspects of the business or key skill sets. Community: Vodafone invests heavily in the community and has been working with various charities and welfare organizations to serve the community. For this reason they launch campaigns on a regular basis globally and domestically where they either contribute directly by giving charities, medical health to desired countries organizing events and asking the local people, their own employees and customers to participate in it for free. Vodafone also believes in being an environment friendly organization and therefore it encourages recycling of mobile phones and for this reason they are working on several campaigns as well. Responsibilities and Strategies employed to meet them: Vodafone is largest telecommunications Network Company in the world by turnover and they achieved this by being a pioneer in bringing revolutions. Being at this stage when they have other companies that look onto them, it is their responsibility to maintain their position. For this reason Vodafone is one step forward than its competitors. Vodafone does not only focus on the buying and selling of its products but also ensures that all the stakeholders are kept happy with their products by working on building a sustainable future. They are doing this by meeting societys needs and focusing on the areas where their interventions can address sustainability challenges most effectively at the same time as offering an attractive commercial return for their shareholders. They have set clear priorities to; Capturing the potential of mobile to bring socio-economic value in both emerging economies and developed markets, through broadening access to communications to all sections of society. Delivering progress against stakeholder expectations on the key areas of climate change, a safe and responsible internet experience and sustainable products and services. Ensure their operating standards are consistent and of an appropriate level across the group. Economic, social and global environment in which the organisations operate 2.1) Economic Systems: An economic system is a set of basic rules that a country implies to organize the ownership and allocation of economic resources.   From the countrys point of view, production of goods and services are influenced by the limited supply of elements as labour, land, natural resources and capital. Types of economies In general different countries adapt different types of economic systems. They are as follows; Planned Economy: In this type of economy the government controls the resources and has the command over every decision which is why it is also called Command Economy Mixed Economy: In a mixed economy both the sectors, individuals and the government, play a vital role in economic-decision making of the country. Market Economy: In such an economy market decisions are mainly dominated by supply and demand and the government. Government plays a minor role and the consumers drive the economy according to their needs. 2.1.1) Effective use of resources: The essential economic problem in any society is to provide a procedure for distributing resources and consumption among individuals who cant satisfy their wants, given limited resources. Every nation, no matter how the government works, who controls the government or how rich or poor the government is, three basic economic questions must be answered to allocate effective use of resources; What and how much to produce? From whom will it be produced? How will it be produced? UK Economic System: The United Kingdom operates a mixed economic system, where most of the decisions are to be made by the free market but at the same time the government has maintained a minimum wage, set out certain rules and regulations for environmental protection and provides medical facilities for the member of public. 2.2) Impact of Social welfare and industrial policy on organizations and wider community In 2007-08, about  £158 billion was spent on social security benefits in Great Britain. This amounts to approximately  £2,580 for every man, woman and child in the country and represents 25.6 % of total government expenditure. The UK believes strongly in the constant welfare of its people and therefore a public sector organization has been formed that ensures anyone who cant afford the basic necessities is given funds by the government through the tax payers money so that they can overcome poverty. Benefits are given from the day a child is born until the day he/she is deceased, provided they are entitled to it. One can be eligible for benefits if he/she is; Un-Employed Needs extra help with student finance On low income Expecting or bringing up children Ill or injured Disabled In retirement Caring for someone Although the social services system was introduced for the welfare of people, it has now been found out that a number of people have been misusing it and this has caused the government billions of pounds. Therefore in the recent budget the government has announced welfare cuts like freezing child benefits for 3 years, housing benefits restricted to a maximum of  £400 a week, a proper medical assessment for people claiming disability from work and so on and so forth. In my own opinion many of the benefits that are being reduced should not have existed in the first place. Vodafone and the benefits to employees: Depending on the location, Vodafone offer benefits such as medical insurance, subsidised mobile phones, share plans and retirement benefits. Retirement benefits are provided through a variety of arrangements, including defined contribution schemes. These vary depending on the conditions and practices in the countries concerned such as local market practice, taxation, legislation and the quality of the states pension. Industrial Policy: The issue of climate change is affecting the whole world and steps are to be taken to slow down this process. The UK Government is committed to showing international leadership in this area by taking possible steps to overcome this global issue. However, UK alone cannot overcome this because it is only responsible for roughly 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Vodafone and the environment: Vodafone takes climate change very seriously and has therefore set themselves a goal of being recognized as a green brand by 2010. For this reason they have already started working on securing the future by working on the following initiatives; Handset recycling   Fewer upgrades Universal and Solar chargers Reduced packaging E-billing Behaviour of organization and the market environment 3.1) How does market structures deviate from model of perfect competition Usually, while starting a new business firms start off in a perfect competition market, meaning they have many competitors and buyers. This basically gives them a chance to dissolve in the market. However, an aim for every successful organization is to be able to set a price they want and produce products that no one else is making. For this reason their approach from the beginning is to become a monopoly organization. However, Monopoly between organizations used to exist few years back but now it is impossible to have Monopoly because there is a lot of competition and the regulatory bodies ensure that no one has the right to take over the market all to themselves. Since becoming a Monopoly organization is not possible, the next best option is to adapt an oligopoly structure. This means there are not many competitors compared to what you find in perfect competition but its the maximum an organization can go to. In oligopoly they have a command over their pricing because not many buyers are selling it so they can set up a price accordingly and then approach the consumers. 3.2) Porters five forces: To start a business one needs to find out what problems they might face while entering a new market, for this reason Porters five forces are taken into consideration. Porters five forces go along with the market structures and it helps in finding out how each market structure may be affected by porters forces. Competitive rivalry With o2, orange, virgin, 3 and t-mobile operating in the market, there is a high rate of competition and therefore Vodafone ensures they are always offering services that give them a competitive advantage over it rivals. Bargaining power of customers The customers of Vodafone hold a very strong bargaining power because they can buy similar products and services from other rivals as well. For this reason Vodafone has to ensure that their pricing are very competitive and customer satisfaction is always taken into consideration before coming to a conclusion. Bargaining power of suppliers Due to the geographical existence and being one of the worlds leading mobile services providers, Vodafone has a good control over the suppliers. Vodafone has approximately 1550 suppliers worldwide and this enables them to have a command over the bargaining power of its suppliers. Threat of substitutes Vodafone faces  a low threat of product  substitutes. It is very difficult for the competitors to launch a similar substitute at a lower rate because Vodafone has already penetrated the markets and keeps itself up to date with the price changes and technological advancements. Threat of entry Threat of entrants is only possible when your products are either not according to the needs of customers or are relatively higher in price. For this reason Vodafone continuously keeps an eye on the market behaviour and reduces the costs compared to the competitors. Vodafone  being the  major supplier of mobile products  and services can reverse  the  trend set and make  it harder for the competitors  to make  a potential  entry. 3.3) Role of Competition Commission and regulatory bodies: Competition Commission and regulatory bodies act as a watchdog over the unfair competitions within the countries. They do this by limiting uncompetitive practices between the firms, allowing mergers and preventing monopolies from taking over the market. Regular checks are carried out by the committees on the organizations to ensure they are working on a fair trade. On 7 January 2002, Competition Commission made a ruling on Vodafone, along with o2, orange and T-Mobile over the call terminating charges. The committee did an investigation on this issue and declared that mobile termination charges were substantially high and therefore commanded the mobile networks to reduce it within a period of 4 years. Regulatory bodies such as competition commission play a vital role in maintaining a healthy competition within the markets. It is because of them that the emerging organizations can join the market and compete with the other maintained organizations. This gives the consumers an opportunity to choose from a variety of companies and get a better value of money. Significance of international trade and European dimension for the UK 4.1) Importance of international trade, economic integration and global markets to UK business organizations Resources are scattered around the world and there is not a single country that has everything it needs for continues development. Therefore international trade, economic integration and allowed entry of global markets in different countries are very important. The UK economy has one of the most open economies and is based on the services sector. It therefore encourages free trade with the rest of the world. Through this they are not only fulfilling the basic and essential needs of their people but also providing job opportunities within their country and throughout the world. Importance of Globalisation to UK Overseas Investments: There has been an increase of overseas investments both inwards and outwards in the UK economy. When companies from different parts of the world open a business in UK, they obviously bring a lot of investments, job opportunities and competitive products to the country and this helps in building the UK economy. Rising level of import penetration Particularly in those industries where Britains previous comparative advantage has been eroded such as textiles and clothing and the manufacture of lower-valued added electronic products. Developing a competitive advantage Through international trade there is no such thing as a monopolistic company in the UK. There are a range of similar services and products offered by different companies. These help the consumers in choosing from different suppliers and get a value for their money. Structural changes in industries For example the long-term loss of output and employment in industries such as textiles and other manufacturing sectors. This creates problems where factor resources are occupationally and geographically immobile In my view, Globalisation has definitely increased competitive pressures on British businesses in tradable goods industries. Cheaper prices for many international commodities and finished manufactured goods have certainly helped to control inflation in recent years and therefore reduce inflationary expectations. However, on the contrast due to Globalisation many of the well-known UK companies are now outsourcing their services which has resulted in lack of job opportunities within the country. This is weakening our economy and not leaving a good impact on our own people. 4.2) Impact of two policies of the European Union on UK business organizations The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 member states, primarily in Europe. Together these states merged to form the union so that they could have a mutual identity. Various policies have been imposed by the EU which benefits all the members in some way or another. The most important out of them are, Working rights: EU has given people from all the member states a great opportunity to find employment and study in other member countries. According to the EU commission, more than 15 million EU citizens have moved to other EU countries to work. This has given the developing countries like Poland a chance to utilize their skills in countries like UK and earn a decent livelihood. On the other hand, a large no. of people within the UK believes that the Europeans are stealing their jobs and they should not be allowed work in the UK but in actual they are just employed on the unskilled sector. In my opinion, there are still unskilled jobs in the UK market but the British either cant or dont want to work at the rates it is viable to employ them. So if you were to take all the Europeans out of the country, there will still be no jobs for the British in the unskilled sector. Free Trade: Easier cross-border trade within the EU means that small and medium sized organizations now have access to new export markets, which previously were not an option because of the cost and hassle that was involved with border bureaucracy. Single market has brought major benefits to the businesses in the UK. The free trade of goods have enabled the physical movement of goods within the UK and people across EU easily. This means that there are no trade barriers between the countries and people can freely expand their businesses. 4.3) Implication for the UK of entry into EMU In the past decades currency unions have failed so it is doubtful if the EMU will be a success either. As for the UK joining the EMU, I doubt this will be of any good. It is believed that UK might recover from recession if it joins the EMU but it is quite obvious that UK did not get into recession because of its currency. The Euro economy is also entering a recession and how can we expect to be saved by just joining the EMU is questionable. Moreover, in times like this it is more important that the UK should be independent of any monetary policy so that it could cut interest rates if necessary. Example, if the Euro economy recovers before the UK economy, interest rates may increase too quickly and harm the UKs recovery. The UK market for housing is quite sensitive to interest rates and many people have high mortgages. So, if the interest rate was to be increased or decreased it will have a great impact on buyer spending which can lead to either an inflationary boom or a deeper recession. I agree to the fact that the UK couldnt benefit from membership of the Euro currency which would have helped the tourists in using the same currency throughout the Europe and not be affected by the currency exchange rates, but it would be a very small percentage and would not have a great impact on UK economy because companies who are willing to expand and exchange business always get a much better deal than the tourists. Conclusion: This assignment in a nut shell has helped me in investigating what Vodafones economic environment is like, how it differs from other well-known organizations and what impacts does it have due to the social, economic and global factors. Vodafone is a global organization and their main aim is to satisfy all its stake holders, may it be the society, customers, employees and even government. It ensures this by having a clear vision and an approachable objective. For this reason, Vodafone always make use of effective use of their resources and take initiatives to overcome any sort of social and industrial issues while the regulatory bodies like competition commission act as a watch dog and ensures that there is always a healthy competition between organizations. Globalisation has affected everyone, in a good or a bad way. As for UK, where emphasize has been on the services sector it has been of a great use and is continuously building the economy because of the investments made by the global markets. However, the entrance of UK into European Monitory Union is still debatable because it may affect general public and the society.

Essay on Quilts and Art in Everyday Use :: Everyday Use essays

Quilts and Art in Everyday Use  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With her story, "Everyday Use," Alice Walker is saying that art should be a living, breathing part of the culture it arose from, rather than a frozen timepiece to be observed from a distance. To make this point, she uses the quilts in her story to symbolize art; and what happens to these quilts represents her theory of art.(thesis) The quilts themselves, as art, are inseparable from the culture they arose from. (topic sentence) The history of these quilts is a history of the family. The narrator says, "In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece . . . that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War." So these quilts, which have become an heirloom, not only represent the family, but are an integral part of the family. Walker is saying that true art not only represents its culture, but is an inseparable part of that culture. The manner in which the quilts are treated shows Walker's view of how art should be treated. Dee covets the quilts for their financial and aesthetic value. "But they're priceless!" she exclaims, when she learns that her mother has already promised them to Maggie. Dee argues that Maggie is "backward enough to put them to everyday use." Indeed, t his is how Maggie views the quilts. She values them for what them mean to her as an individual. This becomes clear when she says, "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts," implying that her connection with the quilts is personal and emotional rather than financial and aesthetic. She also knows that the quilts are an active process, kept alive through continuous renewal. As the narrator points out, "Maggie knows how to quilt." The two sisters' values concerning the quilt represent the two main approaches to art appreciation in our society. Art can be valued for financial and aesthetic reasons, or it can be valued for personal and emotional reasons. When the narrator snatches the quilts from Dee and gives them to Maggie, Walker is saying that the second set of values is the correct one. Art, in order to be kept alive, must be put to "Everyday Use" -- literally in the case of the quilts, figuratively in the case of conventional art.

How Did Black People Face the Great Depression Differently? Essay

The people of the black community experienced the Great Depression differently due to race relations between the white people and the black people. During the depression, dark-skinned people had a hard time finding rentals, let alone buying property. For example, the Clarke family recall being treated poorly when they were looking for a house. The other people would slam the door in their faces and leave it at that. On the other hand, the Jews were empathetic towards them and offered to sell their house to the Clarkes. Another reason as to how the black community experienced the Great Depression differently was the difficulty of finding a job. For instance, when Claire Clark was looking for a job, people rejected her because she was black. A man who worked at City Hall told Claire that she will not get a job in the city because the white girls will not work for her. This was a struggling situation for Claire because she tried her hardest to look for a job in order to survive the Great Depression. However, it was very hard for this young girl because of the racist remarks that the white people held for the black people. The last reason as to how the black community experienced the Great Depression differently was the unfair treatment between the two groups-white and black. For example, black children can play with others, however they could not go into their houses. This showed that the white people had boundaries set for the black people which was very notorious to the people of the black community. In conclusion, the people of the black community experienced the Great Depression differently.